The Chico Mendes Institute for Biodiversity Conservation (ICMBio) is a Brazilian government agency under the Ministry of the Environment. It is responsible for protecting and managing protected areas in Brazil and is headquartered in Brasília.

Named in honor of environmental activist Chico Mendes, the institute is involved in responding to fires in conservation areas. During the Amazon fires described in the news, an ICMBio coordinator said agency personnel were fighting fires and discussed possible causes, including unauthorized burning.