Citizen Lab is an interdisciplinary laboratory based at the Munk School of Global Affairs & Public Policy at the University of Toronto. Founded by Ronald Deibert in 2001, it studies information controls that affect the openness and security of the internet and pose threats to human rights.

Its research combines technical analysis, data mining, field research, social science, and legal and policy analysis. The lab has also provided technical support to journalists investigating spyware or malware targeting journalists, politicians and human rights advocates.

In a report on the Discover-Tech advertising platform, Citizen Lab researchers described how targeted ads could be used to deliver zero-click spyware attacks.